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'Yancin 'yanci na dama

 

'Yancin 'yanci na dama
political ideology (en) Fassara
Bayanai
Ƙaramin ɓangare na libertarianism (en) Fassara da Siyasa ta dama

''yanci 'yanci na dama', > wanda aka fi sani da 'yancin jari-hujja, [1] ko 'yancin 'yancin kai na dama, [2] [3] Falsafar siyasa ce ta 'yanci wacce ke tallafawa' yancin mallakar jari-huadda kuma tana kare rarraba kasuwa albarkatun kasa da dukiyar masu zaman kansu.[4] Ana amfani da kalmar 'yanci na dama don rarrabe wannan ra'ayi game da yanayin dukiya da babban birnin daga 'yanci-'yanci na hagu, wani nau'in' yanci wanda ya haɗu da mallaka tare da tsarin daidaito ga dukiya da samun kudin shiga. [5][6] Sabanin 'yanci na gurguzu, 'yanci-yanci na dama yana goyan bayan jari-hujja na kasuwa kyauta.[7][8] Kamar yawancin nau'ikan 'yanci, yana tallafawa' yanci na jama'a, [8] musamman dokar halitta, 'yancin da ba su da kyau, ka'idar da ba ta da ƙarfi, da kuma babban juyawa na jihar jin dadin zamani.[9][10][11]

Tunanin siyasa na 'yanci na dama ana nuna shi ta hanyar fifiko mai tsauri da aka ba 'yanci, tare da buƙatar kara girman ikon' yanci na mutum da rage ikon jama'a.[12] 'Yanci masu sassaucin ra'ayi yawanci suna ganin jihar a matsayin babbar barazana ga' yanci. Wannan adawa da mulkin mallaka ya bambanta da koyarwar anarchist saboda ya dogara ne akan son kai mai karfi wanda ke ba da fifiko ga zamantakewar ɗan adam ko hadin kai.[12][13] Falsafar 'yanci ta dama kuma samo asali ne daga ra'ayoyin haƙƙin mutum da tattalin arziki na laissez-faire. Ka'idar 'yanci na haƙƙin mutum gabaɗaya tana bin ƙa'ka'idar gidaje da ka'idar aiki na dukiya, tana jaddada mallaka da kuma cewa mutane suna da cikakken haƙƙin dukiyar da aikinsu ke samarwa.[12] A fannin tattalin arziki, 'yanci masu 'yanci ba su da bambanci tsakanin jari-hujja da kasuwanni masu 'yanta kuma suna kallon duk wani yunkuri na tsara tsarin kasuwa a matsayin wanda ba shi da amfani, suna jaddada hanyoyin da kuma yanayin sarrafa kansa na kasuwa yayin da suke nuna sa hannun gwamnati da ƙoƙarin sake rarraba dukiya a matsayin abin da ba dole ba kuma ba shi da kyau.[12] Kodayake duk masu 'yanci masu 'yancin kai soja adawa da shiga tsakani na gwamnati, akwai rarrabuwa tsakanin masu mulkin mallaka, waɗanda ke kallon jihar a matsayin mugunta marar amfani kuma suna son haƙƙin mallaka an kare ba tare da doka ba ta hanyar doka ta hanyar cin zarafin kasuwa, kwangila da dokar mallaka; da kuma minarchists, waɗanda ke tallafawa buƙatar ƙaramin jiha, galibi ana kiranta jihar mai tsaro ta dare, don samar da 'yan ƙasa da kotuna, sojoji, da' 'yan sanda.[14]

Like libertarians of all varieties, right-libertarians refer to themselves simply as libertarians.[3] Being the most common type of libertarianism in the United States, right-libertarianism has become the most common referent of libertarianism[15] there since the late 20th century while historically and elsewhere[16] it continues to be widely used to refer to anti-state forms of socialism such as anarchism[17] and more generally libertarian communism/libertarian Marxism and libertarian socialism.[18] Around the time of Murray Rothbard, who popularized the term libertarian in the United States during the 1960s, anarcho-capitalist movements started calling themselves libertarian, leading to the rise of the term right-libertarian to distinguish them. Rothbard himself acknowledged the co-opting of the term and boasted of its "capture [...] from the enemy".[18]

  1. ↑ Wündisch 2014.
  2. ↑ Reiman, Jeffrey H. (2005). "The Fallacy of Libertarian Capitalism". Ethics. 10 (1): 85–95. doi:10.1086/292300. JSTOR 2380706. S2CID 170927490.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Newman 2010 "It is important to distinguish between anarchism and certain strands of right-wing libertarianism which at times go by the same name (for example, Murray Rothbard's anarcho-capitalism). There is a complex debate within this tradition between those like Robert Nozick, who advocate a 'minimal state', and those like Rothbard who want to do away with the state altogether and allow all transactions to be governed by the market alone. From an anarchist perspective, however, both positions—the minimal state (minarchist) and the no-state ('anarchist') positions—neglect the problem of economic domination; in other words, they neglect the hierarchies, oppressions, and forms of exploitation that would inevitably arise in laissez-faire 'free' market. [...] Anarchism, therefore, has no truck with this right-wing libertarianism, not only because it neglects economic inequality and domination, but also because in practice (and theory) it is highly inconsistent and contradictory. The individual freedom invoked by right-wing libertarians is only narrow economic freedom within the constraints of a capitalist market, which, as anarchists show, is no freedom at all.
  4. ↑ Kymlicka 2005.
  5. ↑ Francis, Mark (December 1983). "Human Rights and Libertarians". Australian Journal of Politics & History. 29 (3): 462–472. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8497.1983.tb00212.x. ISSN 0004-9522.
  6. ↑ Vallentyne 2007.
  7. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Carlson
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Rothbard 1971
  9. ↑ Sterba, James P. (October 1994). "From Liberty to Welfare". Ethics. Cambridge: Blackwell. 105 (1): 237–241.
  10. ↑ "What you should know about the Non-Aggression Principle". Learnliberty.org. 24 February 2017. Archived from the original on 7 December 2021. Retrieved 7 December 2021.
  11. ↑ Baradat 2015.
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 12.3 Heywood 2004.
  13. ↑ Newman 2010.
  14. ↑ Marshall, Peter (2008). Demanding the Impossible: A History of Anarchism. London: Harper Perennial. p. 565. "The problem with the term 'libertarian' is that it is now also used by the Right. [...] In its moderate form, right libertarianism embraces laissez-faire liberals like Robert Nozick who call for a minimal State, and in its extreme form, anarcho-capitalists like Murray Rothbard and David Friedman who entirely repudiate the role of the State and look to the market as a means of ensuring social order".
  15. ↑ Beltrán, Miquel (1989). "Libertarismo y deber. Una reflexión sobre la ética de Nozick" [Libertarianism and duty. A reflection on Nozick's ethics]. Revista de ciencias sociales (in Sifaniyanci). 91: 123–128. ISSN 0210-0223. Archived from the original on 23 March 2019. Retrieved 29 November 2018.
  16. ↑ Empty citation (help)
  17. ↑ Robert Graham (historian). Missing or empty |title= (help)
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named RothbardBetrayal

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